Most Economical and Efficient Flat Plate Solar Collectors for Compact Solar Water Heater

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DESCRIPTION

Flat Plate Solar Thermal Collector is common type of solar collector which have been in use since the 1950s. The main components of a flat plate panel are a dark coloured flat plate absorber with an insulated cover, a heat transferring liquid containing antifreeze to transfer heat from the absorber to the water tank, and an insulated backing. The flat plate feature of the solar panel increases the surface area for heat absorption. The heat transfer liquid is circulated through copper or silicon tubes contained within the flat surface plate.

In an area that produces an average level of solar energy, the amount of energy a flat plate solar collector generates equates to around one square foot panel generating one gallon of one day’s hot water.

The flat plate panel design utilises many different absorber configurations with the main design being the harp configuration. The harp design is usually used in low pressure thermosyphon systems or pumped systems. Other configurations include the serpentine which uses a continuous S shaped absorber and is used in compact hot water only systems which do not utilise space heating. There are also the flooded absorber systems and boundary absorbers which use multiple layers of absorber sheet where the heat is then collected in the boundary layer of the sheets.

Polymer flat plate collectors are an alternative to metal plate collectors. Metal plates are more prone to freezing whereas the polymer plates themselves are freeze tolerant so can dispense with antifreeze and simply use water as a heat transferring liquid. Any antifreeze that is added to the heat transfer liquid will reduce its heat carrying capacity at a marginal rate. A benefit of polymer plates is that they can be plumbed straight into an existing water tank removing the need for a heat exchanger which increases efficiency. Some polymer panels are painted with matte black paint rather than a selective heat coating. This is done to prevent overheating although high temperature silicone is now normally used to prevent overheating.

This design of solar panel is, overall, slightly less compact and less efficient when compared with an evacuated tube system, however this is reflected in a cheaper price. This design of solar can work well in all climates and can have a life expectancy of over 25 years.

SPECIFICATIONS

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